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EMERGENT MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Mesfer Saad Alqahtani 1 , Wael Saleh Almogheer 2 , Talat Hameed Alharbi 3 , Rahaf Yaseen Almutawa 3 , Banan Masoud Almatrafi 3 , Maha Ibrahim Alqdairi 4 , Abdullah Mohammad Almalki 5 , Hussain Jafar Al Abdullah 6 , Osama Mohammed Amer 7 , Omar Talaat Idriss 8 , Sultan Sweilem Alghannami 9

Introduction: Unstable angina (UA), non–ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), are all different forms of myocardial ischemia, and are included in the term: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Nearly 1.3 million of hospital admissions in the US per year are for ACS.1 The risk factors of ACS are : increased age of the US population, the high body mass index (BMI) in a large proportion of the population, and the associated increase in metabolic syndrome. Aim of work: In this review, we will discuss the most recent evidence regarding Emergent management of patients with acute coronary syndrome Methodology: We did a systematic search for management of patients with acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). All relevant studies were retrieved and discussed. We only included full articles. Conclusions: ACS is a diagnosis that is made daily in the ED and involve a many diseases ranging from STEMI to lowrisk NSTE-ACS. ACS diagnosis is based on a group of clinical symptoms, cardiac biomarkers, and ECG findings. Management of ACS is aimed at ending the ischemia of the heart and keeping coronary blood flow balanced. The treatment, vary from fibrinolytic agents and initial PCI on the one hand to conservative and supportive therapy on the other, is proportional with the severity of disease and the chance to improve short-term morbidity and mortality. Key words: Acute coronary syndrome, diagnosis, management, emergency medicine.

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