10.Issue 04 april 23 - INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Volume : 10, Issue : 04, April – 2023

Title:

10.INCIDENCE OF AORTIC VALVE DISEASE IN STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE BY ECHO
‬

Authors :

Aditi Das

Abstract :

Aortic valve disease (AVD) and stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) are two common cardiovascular conditions that can coexist and impact patient outcomes. AVD affects the aortic valve, which regulates blood flow from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body. SIHD occurs when there is a reduced blood flow to the heart due to coronary artery disease (CAD).
The incidence of AVD in patients with SIHD remains unclear, but studies suggest that it is not uncommon. The presence of both conditions can increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in older adults. In addition, the presence of AVD in SIHD patients can complicate treatment decisions and impact outcomes.
Patients with both conditions may be at higher risk of perioperative complications following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or aortic valve replacement (AVR) surgeries. For instance, the presence of AVD may impact the type of surgery recommended for SIHD patients, as well as the timing and sequence of the procedures. Therefore, careful assessment and management of both conditions are essential for optimizing outcomes in these patients.
A multidisciplinary approach involving cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and other healthcare professionals is necessary to evaluate and manage patients with coexisting AVD and SIHD. Diagnostic tests, such as echocardiography, can help identify the extent and severity of both conditions. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle modifications, or surgical interventions.
In conclusion, the co-occurrence of AVD and SIHD is an important clinical consideration that requires careful evaluation and management to optimize patient outcomes. Healthcare professionals must be aware of the potential complications and treatment implications of both conditions to provide the best care for these patients.
Keywords: Aortic regurgitation, Aortic stenosis, Aortic sclerosis, Ischemic heart disease, Echocardiography.

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press Aditi Das, Incidence Of Aortic Valve Disease In Stable Ischemic Heart Disease By Echo., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2023; 10 (04).

Number of Downloads : 10

References:

1. Mendis, S., Puska, P., & Norrving, B. (2011). Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Retrieved from World Health Organization website: https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/publications/atlas_cvd/en/
2. Benjamin, E. J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Das, S. R., Delling, F. N., Djousse, L., Elkind, M. S. V., Ferguson, J. F., Fornage, M., Jordan, L. C., Khan, S. S., Kissela, B. M., … Virani, S. S. (2019). Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 139(10), e56–e528. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000659.
3. Nkomo, V. T., & Enriquez-Sarano, M. (2015). Aortic Valve Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Medical Clinics of North America, 99(2), 329–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2014.11.008.
4. Tzemos, N., Lytwyn, M., & Mullen, M. J. (2018). Aortic Stenosis: A Review of Treatment Options. Current Problems in Cardiology, 43(8), 242–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2017.08.004.
5. Khera, R., Pandey, A., Chandar, A. K., Murad, M. H., Prokop, L. J., Neeland, I. J., … & Girotra, S. (2018). Association of hypertension with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in the United States. Journal of the American Heart Association, 7(11), e008870. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.008870
6. Barker, A. J., van Ooij, P., Bandi, K., Garcia, J., Albaghdadi, M., McCarthy, P., … & Markl, M. (2013). Viscous energy loss in the presence of abnormal aortic flow. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 60(19), 1918-1925. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.077
7. Thanassoulis, G., Massaro, J. M., Corsini, E., Rogers, I. S., Rader, D. J., Siscovick, D., … & O’Donnell, C. J. (2013). Association of aortic valve sclerosis with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the community. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 61(7), 689-696. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.051
8. Khan, M. A., Yang, E. Y., Liu, J., Bunker, E., Lai, W. W., & Wei, J. (2015). Diabetes and association of aortic root dilation in echocardiographic studies. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 28(8), 921-926. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2015.03.009
9. Lindman, B. R., Clavel, M. A., Mathieu, P., Iung, B., Lancellotti, P., Otto, C. M., & Pibarot, P. (2015). Calcific aortic stenosis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 1, 15006. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.6
10. Eveborn, G. W., Schirmer, H., Heggelund, G., et al. (2014). Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Predictor of Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Aortic Stenosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 63(20), 2006-2015.
11. Rosenhek, R., Klaar, U., Schemper, M., et al. (2006). Mild and Moderate Aortic Stenosis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 355(24), 244-246.

12. Nkomo, V. T., Gardin, J. M., Skelton, T. N., Gottdiener, J. S., Scott, C. G., & Enriquez-Sarano, M. (2006). Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study. Lancet, 368(9540), 1005-11.
13. Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF. Braunwald’s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018.
14. Osnabrugge, R. L., Mylotte, D., Head, S. J., Van Mieghem, N. M., Nkomo, V. T., LeReun, C. M., … & Kappetein, A. P. (2013). Aortic stenosis in the elderly: disease prevalence and number of candidates for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a meta-analysis and modeling study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 62(17), 1002-1012.
15. Michalski B, Szymczyk K, Lipiec P, Kasprzak JD. Aortic valve sclerosis and aortic stenosis: basic facts for the cardiologist. Postepy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej= Advances in Interventional Cardiology. 2015;11(1):1-6.
16. Al-Aqeedi RF, Almomani A, Al-Shudiefat AA, Al-Ammouri I, Khader YS. The prevalence of aortic sclerosis in Jordan: a prospective echocardiographic study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2016 Dec;16(1):148.
17. Milojevic M, Carrel T, Soliman OI, Bapat V, Messika-Zeitoun D, Moat N, Oh JK, Westaby S, Kappetein AP, Holmes DR, Généreux P. Sex-related differences in presentation, treatment, and outcome of patients with aortic stenosis in Europe: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2018 Dec;13(1):38.
18. Beller CJ, Labrosse MR, Thubrikar MJ, Robicsek F. (2014). Role of mechanical stress in calcification of aortic bioprosthetic valves. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 147(6), 1758-66.
19. Capoulade, R., Clavel, M. A., Dumesnil, J. G., Chan, K. L., Teo, K. K., Tam, J. W., … & Pibarot, P. (2013). Aortic valve area calculation in aortic stenosis by CT and doppler echocardiography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 61(15), 1503-1514.
20. Côté, N., Mahmut, A., Bosse, Y., Couture, C., Pagé, S., Trahan, S., Boulanger, M. C., Fournier, D., Pibarot, P., & Mathieu, P. (2013). Inflammation is associated with the remodeling of calcific aortic valve disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 19(2), E27-E36.
21. Garcia, D., Pibarot, P., Dumesnil, J. G., Sakr, F., & Durand, L. G. (2008). Assessment of aortic valve stenosis severity: a new index based on the energy loss concept. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging, 1(1), 48-55.
22. Lindman, B. R., Clavel, M. A., Mathieu, P., Iung, B., Lancellotti, P., Otto, C. M., & Pibarot, P. (2016). Calcific aortic stenosis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2(1), 16006.
23. Hwang, S. J., Melenovsky, V., & Borlaug, B. A. (2014). Implications of coronary artery disease in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 64(14), 1405-1416.
24. Park, S. J., Enriquez-Sarano, M., Chang, S. A., Choi, J. O., Lee, S. C., Park, S. W., … & Oh, J. K. (2013). Hemodynamic patterns for symptomatic presentations of severe aortic stenosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 61(18), 934-940.
25. Søndergaard, L., Lindvig, K., Hildebrandt, P., Thomsen, C., Ståhlberg, F., Joen, T., … & Bouchelouche, P. N. (1998). Hemodynamic evaluation of aortic stenosis by magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with established methods. International Journal of Cardiac Imaging, 14(6), 459-468.
26. Freeman, R. V., & Otto, C. M. (2005). Spectrum of calcific aortic valve disease: pathogenesis, disease progression, and treatment strategies. Circulation, 111(1), 331-336.
27. Borger, M. A., Carrel, T. P., De Bonis, M., Evangelista, A., & Falk, V. (2012). Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012): the Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 42(4), S1-S44.
28. Barasch, E., Fan, D., Chukwu, E. O., Han, J., Passick, M., Petillo, F., … & Halpern, E. F. (2013). Severe aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease—implications for management in the transcatheter aortic valve replacement era: a comprehensive review. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 26(11), 1143-1153.
29. Kertai, M. D., Bountioukos, M., Boersma, E., Bax, J. J., Thomson, I. R., Sozzi, F. B., … & Poldermans, D. (2004). Aortic stenosis: An underestimated risk factor for perioperative complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. The American Journal of Medicine, 116(7), 447-454.
30. Al-Rashidi, F., Krishnan, S., Al-Sarraf, A., Al-Awadi, M., Al-Fadhli, J., Sharma, P. N., … & Ashoub, A. (2010). The impact of moderate to severe aortic stenosis on the perioperative outcomes of non-cardiac surgery: a single-centre prospective observational study. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, 10(5), 696-701.
31. Smith CR, Leon MB, Mack MJ, Miller DC, Moses JW, Svensson LG, et al. (2011). Transcatheter versus surgical aortic-valve replacement in high-risk patients. The New England Journal of Medicine, 364(23), 2187-2198.
32. Bonow, R. O., O’Gara, P. T., Adams, D. H., et al. (2019). 2019 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(18), e57-e185.
33. Lindman, B. R., Clavel, M. A., Mathieu, P., et al. (2010). Calcific Aortic Stenosis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 10(3), 1-22.
34. Wang, H., Naghavi, M., Allen, C., Barber, R. M., Bhutta, Z. A., Carter, A., Casey, D. C., Charlson, F. J., Chen, A. Z., Coates, M. M., Coggeshall, M., Dandona, L., Dicker, D. J., Erskine, H. E., Ferrari, A. J., Fitzmaurice, C., Foreman, K., Forouzanfar, M. H., Fraser, M. S., … Murray, C. J. L. (2016). Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet, 388(10053), 1459-1544. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1
35. Benjamin, E. J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Das, S. R., Delling, F. N., Djousse, L., Elkind, M. S. V., Ferguson, J. F., Fornage, M., Jordan, L. C., Khan, S. S., Kissela, B. M., … Virani, S. S. (2019). Heart disease and stroke statistics-2019 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 139(10), e56-e528.