Volume : 10, Issue : 06, June – 2023

Title:

13.INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION AND IMMUNE DYSREGULATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF METABOLIC DISORDERS: OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES.

Authors :

Mohammad Ali, Urbah Viqar

Abstract :

Metabolic maladies, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, have reached epidemic proportions around the world., imposing a significant burden on public health. Recent evidence suggests that persistent mild inflammation and immune dysregulation are important in the aetiology of these diseases. This research paper aims to investigate the role of inflammation and immune dysregulation in the development and progression of metabolic disorders, with a specific focus on obesity and type 2 diabetes. By analyzing current literature, epidemiological studies, and mechanistic research, we aim to provide insights into the underlying mechanisms, potential therapeutic targets, and future directions in managing these disorders.
Keywords: immune dysregulation, metabolic disorders, obesity, type 2 diabetes, therapeutic targets.

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press Mohammad Ali et al, Investigating The Role Of Inflammation And Immune Dysregulation In The Development And Progression Of Metabolic Disorders: Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes., Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2023; 10 (06).

Number of Downloads : 10

References:

[1] World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight

[2] American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes care. 2017 Jan 1;40(Supplement_1):S11-24.

[3] Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006 Dec 14;444(7121):860-7.

[4] Shoelson SE, Lee J, Goldfine AB. Inflammation and insulin resistance. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2006 Jul 3;116(7):1793-801.

[5] Medzhitov R. Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):428-35.

[6] Lawrence T, Natoli G. Transcriptional regulation of macrophage polarization: enabling diversity with identity. Nature reviews immunology. 2011 Nov;11(11):750-61.

[7] Lumeng CN, Saltiel AR. Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2011 Jun 1;121(6):2111-7.

[8] Kim JY, Barua S, Jeong YJ, Lee JE. Adiponectin: The potential regulator and therapeutic target of obesity and Alzheimer’s disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020 Sep 3;21(17):6419.

[9] Gregor MF, Hotamisligil GS. Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annual review of immunology. 2011 Apr 23;29:415-45.

[10] Odegaard JI, Chawla A. The immune system as a sensor of the metabolic state. Immunity. 2013 Apr 18;38(4):644-54.

[11] Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature. 2017 Feb 9;542(7640):177-85.

[12] Donath MY. Targeting inflammation in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: time to start. Nature reviews Drug discovery. 2014 Jun;13(6):465-76.

[13] Tilg H, Moschen AR. Microbiota and diabetes: an evolving relationship. Gut. 2014 Sep 1;63(9):1513-21.

[14] Geurts L, Everard A, Van Hul M, Essaghir A, Duparc T, Matamoros S, Plovier H, Castel J, Denis RG, Bergiers M, Druart C. Adipose tissue NAPE-PLD controls fat mass development by altering the browning process and gut microbiota. Nature communications. 2015 Mar 11;6(1):6495.

[15] Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, MacFadyen JG, Chang WH, Ballantyne C, Fonseca F, Nicolau J, Koenig W, Anker SD, Kastelein JJ. Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. New England journal of medicine. 2017 Sep 21;377(12):1119-31.

[16] Larsen CM, Faulenbach M, Vaag A, Vølund A, Ehses JA, Seifert B, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Donath MY. Interleukin-1–receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007 Apr 12;356(15):1517-26.

[17] Asemi Z, Khorrami-Rad A, Alizadeh SA, Shakeri H, Esmaillzadeh A. Effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: a double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial. Clinical nutrition. 2014 Apr 1;33(2):198-203.

[18] Vrieze A, Van Nood E, Holleman F, Salojärvi J, Kootte RS, Bartelsman JF, Dallinga–Thie GM, Ackermans MT, Serlie MJ, Oozeer R, Derrien M. Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2012 Oct 1;143(4):913-6.

[19] Calder PC, Ahluwalia N, Brouns F, Buetler T, Clement K, Cunningham K, Esposito K, Jönsson LS, Kolb H, Lansink M, Marcos A. Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011 Dec;106(S3):S1-78.

[20] Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA. Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6. Physiological reviews. 2008 Oct 1.

[21] Jensen P, Zachariae C, Christensen R, Geiker NR, Schaadt BK, Stender S, Hansen PR, Astrup A, Skov L. Effect of weight loss on the severity of psoriasis: a randomized clinical study. JAMA dermatology. 2013 Jul 1;149(7):795-801.