Volume : 10, Issue : 11, November – 2023

Title:

A SHORT REVIEW ON SSRIs

Authors :

Sriram Praveen*, D.N.V.S. Kalyani, K. Sudharani, J.N. Suresh Kumar,Jagadeesh panda

Abstract :

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) represent a class of drugs primarily used in the treatment of various mental health disorders, notably depression, anxiety disorders and certain other psychiatric conditions. This article aims to elucidate the history, pharmacological profile, therapeutic efficacy, adverse effects, and clinical considerations associated with SSRIs. SSRIs operate by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, thereby enhancing serotonin neuro transmission. This mechanism is pivotal in regulating mood, emotions, and behaviour. Thoroughly considering this action, SSRIs are recognized for their efficacy in alleviating symptoms of depression and managing anxiety disorders. The drugs within this class commonly prescribed include fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, and escitalopram. Despite their therapeutic benefits, SSRIs are associated with a spectrum of side effects, including gastrointestinal disturbances, sexual dysfunction, weight changes, and rarely emergent suicidal ideation, especially in individuals. Moreover, discontinuation of SSRIs may lead to withdrawal symptoms, To overcome this a gradual tapering regimen is performed under medical supervision. The clinical utility of SSRIs extends beyond psychiatric conditions, with emerging evidence suggesting their potential in treating conditions such as premature ejaculation, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and certain pain syndromes. Individual variability in response to SSRIs underscores the importance of personalized medicine in prescribing these medications. Factors such as genetic predisposition, co-existing medical conditions, concomitant drug use, and patient-specific considerations significantly influence treatment outcomes.
Keywords: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Depression, Anxiety Disorders, sexual dysfunction, psychiatric conditions

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in Sriram Praveen et al, A Short Review On SSRIs, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2023; 10 (11).

Number of Downloads : 10

References:

1. Shaw DM, Eccleston EG, Camps FE. 5-Hydroxytryptamine in the hind-brain of depressive suicides. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1967;113:1407–1411.
2. Wong DT, Horng JS, Bymaster FP, Hauser KL, Molloy BB. A selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake: Lilly 110140, 3-(p-Trifluoromethylphenoxy)-n-methyl-3- phenylpropylamine. Life Sciences.
3. Wong DT, Bymaster FP, Horng JS, Molloy BB. A new selective inhibitor for uptake of serotonin into synaptosomes of rat brain: 3-(p-trifluoromethylphenoxy). N- methyl-3-phenylpropylamine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
4. Wong DT, Bymaster FP, Engleman EA. Prozac (fluoxetine, lilly 110140), the first selective serotonin uptake inhibitor and an antidepressant drug: Twenty years since its first publication. Life Sciences. 1995;57:411–441.
5. Montgomery SA, Gabriel R, James D, Hawley C, Burkitt P. The specificity of the zimelidine reaction. International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1989;4:19–23.
6. Tripathi KD, 8. Antidepressant and Antianxiety drugs. In: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 8th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2019. p. 481–96.
7. Gracia R. Fluoxetine. Encyclopedia of Toxicology. 2005;347–8.
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459223/
9. Mazhar F, Akram S, Haider N, Ahmed R. Overlapping of Serotonin Syndrome with Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome due to Linezolid-Fluoxetine and Olanzapine-Metoclopramide Interactions: A Case Report of Two Serious Adverse Drug Effects Caused by Medication Reconciliation Failure on Hospital Admission. Case Rep Med. 2016;2016:7128909
10. McCain, Jack Alan. “Antidepressants and suicide in adolescents and adults: a public health experiment with unintended consequences?.” P & T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management vol. 34,7 (2009): 355-78.
11. Tripathi KD, 8. Antidepressant and Antianxiety drugs. In: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 8th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2019. p. 481–96.
12. Dube, M., Le Coupanec, A., Wong, A. H. M., Rini, J. M., Desforges, M., and Talbot, P. J. (2018). Axonal transport enables neuron-to-neuron propagation of human coronavirus OC43. J. Virol. 92 (17), e00404–18.
13. Wilde, M.I., Plosker, G.L. & Benfield, P. Fluvoxamine. Drugs 46, 895–924 (1993).
14. Wagner W, Vause EW. Fluvoxamine. A review of global drug-drug interaction data. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1995;29 Suppl 1:26-32.
15. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/021519s003lbl.pdf
16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526022/ (Accessed: 28 November 2023).
17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526022/
18.Beach SR, Kostis WJ, Celano CM, Januzzi JL, Ruskin JN, Noseworthy PA, Huffman JC. Singh HK, Saadabadi A. Sertraline. [Updated 2023 Feb 13]. In: Stat Pearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-.J Clin Psychiatry. 2014 May;75(5):e441-9
19. Sola CL, Bostwick JM, Hart DA, Lineberry TW. Anticipating potential linezolid-SSRI interactions in the general hospital setting: an MAOI in
20. angkuhl K, Klein TE, Altman RB. PharmGKB summary: citalopram pharmacokinetics pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Nov;21(11):769-72.
21. Levin TT, Cortes-Ladino A, Weiss M, Palomba ML. Life-threatening serotonin toxicity due to a citalopram-fluconazole drug interaction: case reports and discussion. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2008 Jul-Aug;30(4):372-7.
22. Ferguson JM. SSRI Antidepressant Medications: Adverse Effects and Tolerability. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 Feb;3(1):22-27.
23. Kasper S, Sacher J, Klein N, Mossaheb N, Attarbaschi-Steiner T, Lanzenberger R, Spindelegger C, Asenbaum S, Holik A, Dudczak R. Differences in the dynamics of serotonin reuptake transporter occupancy may explain superior clinical efficacy of escitalopram versus citalopram. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009 May;24(3):119-25.
24. Rao N. The clinical pharmacokinetics of escitalopram. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2007;46(4):281-90.
25. Keks N, Hope J, Keogh S. Switching and stopping antidepressants. Aust Prescr. 2016 Jun;39(3):76-83.
26. Cipriani A, Santilli C, Furukawa TA, Signoretti A, Nakagawa A, McGuire H, Churchill R, Barbui C. Escitalopram versus other antidepressive agents for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15;(2):CD006532.
27. Roweth HG, Yan R, Bedwani NH, Chauhan A, Fowler N, Watson AH, Malcor JD, Sage SO, Jarvis GE. Citalopram inhibits platelet function independently of SERT-mediated 5-HT transport. Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 22;8(1):3494.
28. Snitker S, Doerfler RM, Soliman EZ, Deo R, St Peter WL, Kramlik S, Fischer MJ, Navaneethan S, Delafontaine P, Jaar BG, Ojo A, Makos GK, Slaven A, Weir MR, Zhan M, Fink JC., for CRIC Study Investigators. Association of QT-Prolonging Medication Use in CKD with Electrocardiographic Manifestations. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Sep 07;12(9):1409-1417.
29. Beach SR, Celano CM, Sugrue AM, Adams C, Ackerman MJ, Noseworthy PA, Huffman JC. QT Prolongation, Torsades de Pointes, and Psychotropic Medications: A 5-Year Update. Psychosomatics. 2018 Mar-Apr;59(2):105-122.