Volume : 11, Issue : 01, January – 2024

Title:

A REVIEW ON COMMON HAZARDS OF STEROIDS USED IN HYPERTENSIVES

Authors :

E.Honey*, A.Hari Poojitha

Abstract :

Steroids are a wide range of molecules with varying physiological effects. Especially corticosteroids are a class of drugs encompassing both laboratory-synthesized and naturally produced hormones. [1] Glucocorticoids may lead to the development of hypertension, heart failure, myocardial ischemia and associated with the metabolic syndrome. The prolonged usage of steroids at higher doses leads to severe conditions like osteoporosis, adrenal suppression myopathy, electrolyte, and metabolic abnormalities. [2] Prednisone and Dexamethasone has the major side effects in the hypertensive patients. Prednisone may cause increase in the blood pressure and development of steroid hypertension is rapid. Dexamethasone causes the increase in sodium levels and edema which leads to rise in blood pressure. [3] On conducting studies on sheep, it has been shown that ANS and vasoactive proteinoids appear to buffer rather than cause in increase BP. The RAAS, AVP and serotonin are also unlikely to be involved. A direct involvement of CNS i.e., ACTH raises BP. There are multiple factors involved in glucocorticoid induced hypertension in human are triggering of RAAS, reduced activity of depressor systems, increased pressor responses to AG ll and norepinephrine. [4]
KEY WORDS: Corticosteroids, Hypertension, Dexamethasone, Prednisone

Cite This Article:

Please cite this article in press E.Honey et al., A Review Article On Novel Drugs Targeting Parkinsons Disease, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2024; 11 (01).

Number of Downloads : 10

References:

[1] Ericson-Neilsen W, Kaye AD. Steroids: pharmacology, complications, and practice delivery issues. Ochsner Journal. 2014 Jun 20;14(2):203-7.
[2] Sunil YS, SP K. A Review: Most Common Hazards of Steroid Use in Hypertensive Patients. Research & Review: Management of Cardiovascular and Orthopedic Complications (e-ISSN: 2582-5739). 2022 Jun 9:1-7.
[3] A. braun, “Does Prednisone Raise Blood Pressure?,” scopus, 2023.
[4] Scoggins BA, Coghlan JP, Denton DA, Reid AF, Spence CD, Whitworth JA. Understanding the mechanism of adrenocortical steroid hypertension. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry. 1989 Jan 1;32(1):205-8.
[5] Bhaumik S, Lockett J, Cuffe J, Clifton VL. Glucocorticoids and Their Receptor Isoforms: Roles in Female Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Foetal Development. Biology. 2023 Aug 9;12(8):1104.
[6] Kragballe K. Topical corticosteroids: mechanisms of action. Acta dermatovenereologica. Supplementum. 1989 Jan 1;151:7-10.
[7] Salort Llorca C, Mínguez Serra MP, Silvestre Donat FJ. Drug-induced burning mouth syndrome: a new etiological diagnosis.
[8] Grennan D, Wang S. Steroid side effects. Jama. 2019 Jul 16;322(3):282-.
[9] Samreen F, Popal U, Baloch ZA. Anabolic steroid-induced myocardial infarction in a young male. Cureus. 2021 Feb 1;13(2).
[10] Patel GC, Phan TN, Maddineni P, Kasetti RB, Millar JC, Clark AF, Zode GS. Dexamethasone-induced ocular hypertension in mice: Effects of myocilin and route of administration. The American journal of pathology. 2017 Apr 1;187(4):713-23.
[11] Bond P, Smit DL, de Ronde W. Anabolic–androgenic steroids: How do they work and what are the risks?. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2022 Dec 19;13:1059473.

[12] Kidambi S, Kotchen JM, Grim CE, Raff H, Mao J, Singh RJ, Kotchen TA. Association of adrenal steroids with hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in blacks. Hypertension. 2007 Mar 1;49(3):704-11.
[13] Magiakou MA, Smyrnaki P, Chrousos GP. Hypertension in Cushing’s syndrome. Best practice & research Clinical endocrinology & metabolism. 2006 Sep 1;20(3):467-82.
[14] Costello RE, Yimer BB, Roads P, Jani M, Dixon WG. Glucocorticoid use is associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Rheumatology. 2021 Jan;60(1):132-9.
[15] Stier FM, Woods JW, Dahl LK. Contraceptive steroids and hypertension: an experimental model. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1973 Jun;143(2):561-4.
[16] Johns C, Gavras I, Handy DE, Salomao A, Gavras H. Models of experimental hypertension in mice. Hypertension. 1996 Dec;28(6):1064-9
[17] Lin HY, Lee YT, Chan YW, Tse G. Animal models for the study of primary and secondary hypertension in humans. Biomedical reports. 2016 Dec 1;5(6):653-9.
[18] Hattori T, Murase T, Iwase E, Takahashi K, Ohtake M, Tsuboi K, Ohtake M, Miyachi M, Murohara T, Nagata K. Glucocorticoid-induced hypertension and cardiac injury: effects of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor antagonism. Nagoya journal of medical science. 2013 Feb;75(1-2):81.
[19] Saruta T. Mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced hypertension. Hypertension Research. 1996;19(1):1-8.
[20] Hammer F, Stewart PM. Cortisol metabolism in hypertension. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006 Sep 1;20(3):337-53.
[21] Goodwin JE, Geller DS. Glucocorticoid-induced hypertension. Pediatric nephrology. 2012 Jul;27:1059-66.
[22] Newton R. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action: what is important Thorax. 2000 Jul 1;55(7):603-13.
[23] MacKenzie SM, Freel EM, Connell JM, Fraser R, Davies E. ACTH and polymorphism at steroidogenic loci as determinants of aldosterone secretion and blood pressure.International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017 7;18(3):579.
[24] Veazie S, Peterson K, Ansari Y, Chung KA, Gibbons CH, Raj SR, Helfand M. Fludrocortisone for orthostatic hypotension. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021(5).
[25] Clore JN, Thurby-Hay L. Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia. Endocrine practice. 2009 Jul 1;15(5):469-74.